Political figures' performances and public image
Black Water (Joyce Carol Oates Edition)Political public image in the novel is not simply a disguise worn by the Senator; it is an ongoing performance, observed by others and anticipated by him, that shapes how his words and actions acquire meaning. The Fourth of July gathering makes that performance visible in handshakes, policy conversation, and a posed photograph. Later, after the accident, the same concern with an audience narrows into fear of discovery and political ruin. The contrast exposes a public identity that can project warmth and conviction while also making reputation compete with responsibility.
A Public Figure Under Observation
When Kelly Kelleher first meets the Senator on the Fourth of July, she regards him skeptically. He is vigorously shaking hands with everyone, carrying himself as though he has rushed hundreds of miles expressly to meet each person. Kelly reads the gesture as campaigning: to her, he is one of those politicians always performing for an audience. That first impression matters because it establishes the visible, practiced quality of public life before the afternoon complicates her judgment.
At Buffy St. John’s gathering, the Senator is easy and friendly among the guests, but Kelly notices that his posture and moderated tone seem to acknowledge that people are memorizing him. Their conversation turns to recent Supreme Court decisions, the retirement of Justice Thurgood Marshall, the dismantling of civil-rights gains, and the ideological selfishness of a wealthy society. The Senator appears ready to say more, then changes his mind. The scene joins public performance to substantive politics: he speaks among people attentive to his positions, while even his restraint can be read as part of the presence they are watching.
Kelly later begins to rehearse how she will describe him. She imagines telling friends, perhaps Carl Spader, that the Senator was warmer and less condescending than she had expected: courteous, genuinely interested in who the guests were and what they thought of his proposals on Medicaid and welfare reform. She is ready to call him a visionary, and recognizes how important it is to rehearse the future in words. Her account is not merely a record of the meeting; it is an effort to give the encounter a durable, intelligible shape. The public figure becomes real to her partly through the story she anticipates telling about him.
The Photograph and Its Possible Caption
Buffy arranges guests for Polaroids, turning the party into a small image-making occasion. In one photograph, the Senator stands at a picnic table with one foot on the bench and an elbow on his seersucker knee. Kelly is close beside him, laughing toward the camera as the flash goes off. The Senator’s smile is guarded: it seems to withdraw even as it expands, and something in his eyes appears deflected. The pose can look festive, but his expression makes the image less straightforward than the occasion that produced it.
The narration lingers on the possible caption beneath the photograph and imagines it transmitted by wire service across the United States and abroad, then featured on network television news. Nothing in the scene establishes that the picture is actually published. Its force lies instead in the Senator’s apparent awareness of how a private gathering might become a public image, detachable from its circumstances and circulated to a large audience. Kelly’s proximity and laughter would be visible; the guardedness in his smile might register less easily. The imagined caption anticipates the selective framing through which political identity is made legible to strangers.
Principles, Celebrity, and Private Frustration
The Senator’s public manner does not mean he experiences his public language as effortless or satisfying. Speaking quickly and confidingly to Kelly, he says that hearing his own voice so often makes him angry. He does not object because his principles and ideals are insincere, but because he has said them repeatedly and so little in the world has changed. He describes the resulting self-disgust as bound up with his celebrity: others adore him for the very public prominence that leaves him hating the sound of his own familiar words.
That confession unsettles the distinction between conviction and performance. The Senator does not dismiss his stated principles as false; rather, their repetition and limited effect have made their public articulation painful. His complaint suggests that political language can remain genuine while also becoming a recognizable, continually repeated part of a public identity. Kelly is flattered by the intimacy of the disclosure and takes it to mean that the Senator excludes her from the censure he directs toward his admirers and public image. Her interpretation shows how the performance operates interpersonally as well: an account of celebrity’s burden can create the feeling of special access even as it describes the speaker’s entanglement with an audience.
The party’s light and dark registers sharpen this tension. Kelly feels radiant and assured on the beach in new, dark sunglasses, pleased with her appearance and the happiness of the moment. At the same time, the novel associates the Senator’s presence with the scrutiny of people who memorize his remarks and jokes, and with the social pressure to avoid offending even nice people. Public life, in this portrait, is not just a politician addressing crowds; it is a field of attention in which observers also rehearse, interpret, and circulate what they have seen. Kelly’s warmth toward him grows within that field rather than outside it.
Visibility After the Accident
The Senator’s sensitivity to public attention becomes more desperate after the car enters the water. He fears that someone may discover him, recognize him, or photograph him as he limps away, filthy and disheveled, with one shoe on and one shoe off. His thoughts race from the possibility of exposure to the possibility that his political future will collapse: he imagines not being nominated by his party or elected president and being mocked by his enemies. The crisis is both bodily and political, but his panic repeatedly converts physical danger into the question of what the event will do to his standing.
The Fourth of July fireworks intensify his fear. He mistakes their explosions for possible gunfire and thinks that he fears being shot or assassinated. The novel places that fear beside his earlier composure at a public gathering, where a guarded smile could be preserved for a photograph. Now the public figure is alone, injured, and trying to escape notice. Yet even in flight he remains preoccupied with the future audience that might judge him. The distance between the festive political image and the man crouching in the rushes is not a change from performance to its simple opposite: it is the exposure of the fear and self-interest that the public pose cannot show.
The Phone Call and the Limits of Control
At an outdoor telephone booth, the Senator calls Ray Annick for help. He initially uses the name Gerald Ferguson, then tells Ray that it is he himself and that there has been an accident. When he says that the girl is dead, Ray reacts with shock but immediately tells him not to explain over the phone and asks where he is so he can come get him. The exchange makes reputation and disclosure concrete: the Senator is trying to reach an ally, while Ray moves at once to contain what can be said on a potentially exposed line.
The Senator then offers his own account of the crash, saying that Kelly was drunk, became emotional, grabbed the wheel, and caused the car to swerve. He predicts that he will be accused of manslaughter. This is his claim in a moment of panic, not an independently established account of what happened. Its placement beside his earlier fear of photographs, recognition, and political disgrace invites attention to the frame he is already constructing: who will be blamed, what the public will hear, and what the consequences may be for him. The call does not resolve the truth; it shows the Senator trying to manage a story at the moment when events have escaped his control.
The narrative then returns to Kelly’s perspective, where the accident seems not to have happened yet and the Toyota is only turning from the highway onto a desolate, rutted road. That temporal reversal leaves the reader holding the Senator’s retrospective account alongside the scene before the crash. Public image therefore governs not only how the Senator imagines others seeing him, but also how his version of events must be read: as speech shaped by fear, before the narrative has finished showing the event it describes. His political persona may be polished for a camera or a crowd, but at the telephone booth it is also a plea for help, a forecast of accusation, and an attempt to define the disaster before others can define it for him.


